Roof leak vs plumbing leak
Use rain timing, fixture timing and what lies above the stain to separate two common ceiling-water pathways.
Upper ceilings, roof penetrations, eaves and attic surfaces
Below bathrooms, kitchens, appliances or supply routes
Rain, wind-driven rain or thaw
Fixture use or continuous pressurized leakage
Localized rings, wet insulation or a path below a penetration
Localized active dampness, staining or soft finish
Correlate moisture with weather and inspect above the mark
Compare the symptom before and after controlled fixture use
Only changes after fixture use
Only appears after rain
Do not repair the resemblance. Verify the pathway.
Color and shape can overlap. Timing, location and a repeatable check usually carry more diagnostic weight.